Volume III · Chapter 7

Weeding Stage

The purpose of the weeding stage is to gradually lessen the fear of making mistakes—accepting that they are a natural part of being human. Working carefully with tempo and memorization while remaining in the artistic state, it refines the passages that remain uncertain and provides an essential foundation for the Unperformance Stage.

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Volume
III · Deepen Musical Language & Artistry
Chapter
7
Sections
Overview · Slow · Fast · Troubleshooting · Stamina · Practice
Practice Commitment

The Weeding Stage

The purpose of the weeding stage is to gradually lessen the fear of making mistakes. Allow yourself to accept that mistakes are a natural part of being human—they may never disappear completely, and they do not need to.

For faster pieces, the objective of this stage is to gradually bring the music to its intended performance tempo, refining passages that remain technically or musically uncertain, while developing the ability to establish the correct tempo consistently before beginning to play.

For slower pieces, the primary objective is to develop that same ability to establish the correct tempo consistently before beginning to play. With each repetition, your sense of tempo becomes more refined until it feels natural, stable, and aligned with the character of the piece. This careful work with timing provides an essential foundation for the Unperformance Stage later.

Introducing the weeding stage

When first introducing the weeding stage into your practice, you may find it helpful to use the Sticky Note method. After each repetition, place a sticky note on the score wherever an error occurs. After a few pieces, this process often becomes more natural—you may find that you no longer need the sticky notes, as you begin to remember the passages that need attention after each repetition and correct them as you continue practicing.

While playing through the section, keep your main focus on Step 3. At the same time, allow part of your attention to notice any sections that require further work. These may include:

  • Memory slips.
  • Technical insecurity—accuracy, evenness, or speed.
  • Uncertainty about the musical structure—phrasing or form.

Practise each step while remaining in Step 3 of artistry, rather than mechanically. In this way, the sensations, movements, and musical intentions of each passage gradually become part of the same artistic state in which the piece will ultimately be performed. Otherwise, when returning to the complete piece, those passages may still feel unfamiliar or disconnected.

Slow Pieces

Objective

Learning to choose the correct tempo consistently before beginning to play.
Strengthening memorization.

Playthrough the piece

10 times

After each repetition, identify any challenging sections and work through them using the 3 steps of the Weeding method.

Step 1

Identify the memory slip

  • Identify which intervals became unclear or went blank while playing.
  • Focus on improving the musical speech within those intervals to strengthen memorization.

Step 2

Practice the error measure within a larger block

Add a sentence before and after the error measure.

Step 3

Play through the piece

When playing through the piece next time, keep in mind any corrected measures and pay attention to new challenging sections to practice afterward.

Fast Pieces

Objective

Bringing the piece to its appropriate tempo.
Learning to choose the correct tempo consistently before beginning to play.
Strengthening memorization.

Practice the piece by sections

1 sentence

  • Tempo 2: ♩ = 60
  • Tempo 3: ♩ = 70
  • Tempo 4 or 5: ♩ = 80–90

After each repetition, identify any challenging sections and work through them using the four steps of the Weeding method.

Progress to the next block only when the current one has been fully memorized and feels comfortable at the required tempo.

2–3 sentences

  • Tempo 2
  • Tempo 3
  • Tempo 4 or 5

4–6 sentences

  • Tempo 2
  • Tempo 3
  • Tempo 4 or 5

The entire piece

  • Tempo 2
  • Tempo 3
  • Tempo 4 or 5

Step 1

Identify the problem

  • analyze which intervals didn’t feel stable
  • focus on improving musical speech and speed and amplitude of the elbow motion
  • practice only at a slow tempo

Step 2

Practice the error measure in 3 tempos

Only move to the next tempo when you feel comfortable.

Step 3

Practice the error measure within a larger block in 3 tempos

Add a sentence before and after the error measure.

Move to the next tempo only when feeling comfortable.

Step 4

Play through the piece

When playing through the piece next time, keep in mind any corrected measures and pay attention to new challenging sections to practice afterward.

Practice routine

Practice one section at a time: one sentence, then 2–3 sentences, then 4–6 sentences. As you move from one sentence to the next, remember to shift your attention between energy fields. Before moving to a larger practice block, ensure that the current section has been memorized thoroughly.

Select three practice tempos and establish each with the metronome. Before progressing to the next tempo, pause briefly. From time to time, reconnect with the fixed metronome pulse, then re-establish the tempo internally by silently imagining the opening bars of the sentence before playing. Proceed to the next sentence only when both the body and the mind feel comfortable, coordinated, and secure.

Tempo 2

♩ = 60

Tempo 3

♩ = 70

Tempo 4

♩ = 80

Tempo 5

♩ = 90–110

An example metronome progression for slow pieces—establish each with the metronome before moving on.

Repetitions

During repetitions, keep your hands resting lightly on the keys. There is no need to lift them between repetitions unless you pause to re-establish the tempo with the metronome—allow the practice to continue as one uninterrupted flow. Use fewer repetitions at Timing 1 and spend most of your repetitions at faster Timings.

Building on a secure foundation

Try to avoid the common thought, “I’m not ready yet, but tomorrow it will probably be there.” It is tempting to hope that two-sentence sections will suddenly reach their final tempo after another day of practice—in reality, this expectation often leads to frustration and disappointment.

If a single sentence still feels uncertain, continue working with that sentence rather than moving to a two-sentence section; progress only after it can be played comfortably and consistently at Timing 3. Each sentence forms the foundation for the larger section that follows, and each timing forms the foundation for the next. Do not expect Timing 4 or Timing 5 to feel secure before Timing 3 has become comfortable and reliable.

Practice checklist for fast pieces

Throughout your practice, allow the following elements to remain present:

  • Freedom, accuracy, and sufficient amplitude in the elbow movement.
  • A clear sense of phrasing, with less prominent and more prominent phrases in sentences—give less prominent phrases a lighter intonation and more prominent phrases a more intense one. This encourages a natural “breathing” of the muscles, especially as you approach the final faster tempos.
  • A clear sense of musical form, with less and more prominent sentences.
  • A clear awareness of the pulse and the stronger and weaker beats.

Remember that the quality and speed of fast passages are guided primarily by the mind rather than by finger effort. Continue to rely on your inner sound imagination, inner singing, musical speech, intonation, arm weight, phrasing, and musical form.

Gaze

While practising, allow your gaze to rest softly on the keyboard near the ends of the black keys, close to the fallboard. Look without fixation.

Metronome

Move to the next timing only when you can maintain a quiet, comfortable awareness of each of these elements while playing. Before moving to the next timing, re-establish the new pulse with the metronome. Consistently practising at the same tempos is essential for developing speed in a gradual and reliable way.

Troubleshooting

The arms

If your forearms begin to feel heavy or burn, a certain amount of muscular fatigue is normal when developing stamina. Strengthen your arms with regular exercise—greater strength allows these muscles to relax more deeply while playing, so that the more they engage when needed, the more easily they release unnecessary tension.

Include short plank exercises to develop abdominal muscles and core stability; a stronger core provides a more stable foundation, allowing the upper body and arms to remain relaxed during fast playing.

Windmill exercise

After every two or three repetitions, perform the Windmill exercise. This gentle rotating movement encourages circulation in the arms and helps relieve muscular fatigue in the forearms and wrists—you may notice a mild tingling sensation in your hands afterward. Rotate each arm ten times in both directions, moving quickly enough to create a smooth circular motion, but always comfortably and without force. Lean slightly forward and support yourself by resting the opposite hand on your knee to maintain balance. During the first week, perform it as often as recommended in the programme; as your muscles adapt, use it only when you begin to notice a heavy or burning sensation.

To help prevent pain and injury, pause after each repetition and focus on your breathing. Allow your arms to hang freely by your sides and exhale slowly five times, noticing the release of tension throughout the arms. These brief pauses benefit not only the muscles but also the mind—returning with a clear and relaxed attention often makes the next repetition more productive.

If you notice stiffness in the hands, refine the phrasing, allowing the inner inhale and exhale of the music to be reflected in the breathing pattern of the muscles in your hands, and allow the touch to become lighter by increasing the freedom and amplitude of the elbow movement.

The fingers

  • If your fingertips feel unstable in faster tempos: keep your fingernails short, apply a small amount of dried dates to your fingertips if needed, and stay well hydrated. Some pianists find that drinking several cups of lightly salted water the day before intensive practice helps their fingertips feel more responsive and stable.
  • If your fingers begin to “fly”: return to the forte exercises using either a legato or a staccato touch. If needed, apply a little more dried dates to your fingertips and make sure your fingernails are kept short.
  • If your fingers begin to feel “wooden”: take a short break, perform the Windmill exercise, and continue strengthening the arm muscles through regular exercise.
  • If you are unable to play faster: bring your fingers closer to the keys, avoiding unnecessary lifting. It can also help to imagine the notes slightly softer, as this reduces the effort needed to press the keys.

Tone quality

  • If you miss a note: improve the speed and accuracy of the elbow and torso movement, and strengthen the musical speech by giving clearer intonation to the interval leading into the missed note.
  • If the sound or rhythm becomes uneven: slow the tempo slightly and strengthen the musical speech by giving clearer intonation to the interval that tends to be played too soft, too loud, or too quickly.
  • If the sound between both hands is uneven in the same scale or arpeggio pattern: bring a little more attention to the voicing. Allow the secondary hand to recede gently into the background while the principal hand remains slightly more present. It is not possible to make both hands sound perfectly identical when played at exactly the same dynamic level.
  • If everything begins to fall apart: stop for the day and return tomorrow. Sometimes the mind simply needs time to absorb what has been learned—a good night’s sleep allows the subconscious to continue processing and consolidating the new information.

Healthy Routine

When practising larger sections at faster tempos, the following routine can help you reduce unnecessary tension, minimise the risk of pain or injury, and support healthy, efficient practice.

  • Round I — Two repetitions. Apply dried dates to your fingertips if needed. Between repetitions, pause and exhale slowly five times. After the round, perform the Windmill exercise.
  • Round II — Two repetitions. Between repetitions, pause and exhale slowly five times. After the round, perform the Windmill exercise.
  • Round III — Two repetitions. Apply dried dates to your fingertips if needed. Between repetitions, pause and exhale slowly five times. After the round, perform the Windmill exercise.
  • Round IV — Two repetitions. Between repetitions, pause and exhale slowly five times. After the round, perform the Windmill exercise, then complete your weightlifting exercises and planks, and take a moment to drink some water.

As you work through this routine, remind yourself that it is normal for a new, faster tempo to feel unfamiliar at first. Rather than becoming discouraged, allow your mind and body time to adapt—with each repetition, the new tempo gradually becomes more familiar, stable, and comfortable.

Throughout the routine, keep your attention on Step 3. Avoid allowing the mind to wander. The quality of your attention during practice is the same quality of attention you will rely on in performance.

Finally, maintain a healthy attitude toward your body. If your hands begin to feel tired, there is no need to assume that something is wrong—fatigue is often a natural part of developing stamina. Simply continue following the healthy practice routine, allowing your body to alternate naturally between effort and relaxation.

Score

Repertoire from the Timing & Artistry chapters

Apply the weeding method to a piece you have already brought through the practice cycle, working section by section while staying in Step 3 of Artistry.

Practice

The day-by-day practice chart applies the weeding method to real repertoire, adding one layer of imagination and playing each day while remaining in the artistic state.

Score

Yuh Baek

Sheet Music

Day 1

Practice each step through the entire piece at a slow tempo.

Marking the Score

Fingering

Position-Change Notes

Markings

Write down the fingering in the score as you play using an intuitive pedal.

Mark position-change notes and add the pedal indications in the score.

Optional

Hand Motion

You may play through the piece using 3D wrist motion and elbow motion, gently releasing the fingers on the circled notes.

Later, once you feel confident with these skills, this step will no longer be necessary.

Instead, on the following day, you'll move straight to playing with correct hand motion — after first imagining every note in its sound texture.

Day 2

Hands Separate

Pre-practice

Mindset Session

Breathwork, meditations, journaling.

Manifestation (clarify your needs - the energy of your 'dreams').

Sound Texture

Imagination

Imagine each note in sound texture, combining it with sound movement & glissando between notes.

Sound Texture

Playing

Play the piece with 3D hand motion and posture, sound imagination, intonation & weight, and articulations.

Hands Together

Sound Texture

Imagination

Imagine the notes in both staves in sound texture with sound movement and glissando.

Sound Texture

Playing

Play the piece with 3D hand motion and posture, sound imagination, intonation & weight, and articulations.

Energy

Imagination

Imagine the notes in both staves in sound texture with sound movement and glissando, infusing each note with the energy of your needs / dreams.

Energy

Playing

Play the piece with 3D hand motion and posture, sound imagination, intonation & weight, and articulations, infusing each note and intonation with the energy of your needs / dreams.

Day 3

Hands Together

Reconnecting

with the Day 2 Foundations

Play through the piece with your attention on the Day 2 tasks, gently reminding yourself of the layers you embedded into your imagination and muscle memory the previous day. This will help you maintain clarity as you add the new Day 3 layers.

Harmony

Imagination

Imagine the notes in both staves in sound texture & harmony, with sound movement and glissando.

Listen to the harmony and feel its emotional colour.

Imagine the notes in sound texture and harmony with sound movement and glissando.

Harmony

Playing

Play the piece with 3D motion, sound imagination, intonation & weight, and articulations.

Trust that hand motions, intonation, arm weight, articulations, and posture are in your muscle memory. So you can now focus more attentively on the sound imagination of harmony.

Harmony & Dynamics

Markings & Imagination

Mark the dynamics in the score.

1. Highlight the existing written dynamics to keep them visually and mentally prominent.

2. Cross out vague instructions such as dim. or cresc., and replace them with the specific dynamics you intend for each bar or section.

3. Remove hairpins except for those that begin and end with explicit written dynamics. Treat these as true dynamic transitions and write the exact dynamic markings, just as you would in other crescendo or diminuendo passages.

Then imagine the notes in sound texture, harmony, and dynamics, adding sound movement and glissando.

Harmony & Dynamics

Playing

Play the piece with 3D motion, guided by sound imagination. Intonate each interval with arm weight and articulations.

Trust that the hand motions, intonation, arm weight, articulations, and posture are already anchored in your muscle memory. This allows you to focus more fully on the sound imagination of harmony and dynamics.

When playing forte at a slow tempo, increase the amplitude of the 3D wrist motion so that it reflects the energy of the imagined loud sound, helping the hands and tone remain free of harshness.

When playing piano, remember that you still need the full amount of arm weight to maintain control of touch and tone.

Throughout, keep the hands light, empty, weak, and loose, and allow sound imagination—rather than physical force—to guide the movement.

Day 4

Hands Together

Reconnecting

with the Day 3 Foundations

Play through the piece with your attention on the Day 3 tasks, gently reminding yourself of the layers you embedded into your imagination and muscle memory the previous day. This will help you maintain clarity as you add the new Day 4 layers.

Harmony

Dynamics

Voicing

Imagination

Decide which voice to project the most.

Avoid voicing embellishments and ornamentation.

Imagine the notes in sound texture, harmony, dynamics & voicing, with sound movement and glissando.

Remember to imagine longer notes with their full duration.

Harmony

Dynamics

Voicing

Playing

Play the piece with 3D motion, guided by sound imagination, intonation & arm weight, and articulations.

The amplitude in hand motion will be reduced, adjusting to more subtle nuances of sound you intend to produce.

Energy

Imagination

Imagine the notes in both staves in sound texture, harmony, dynamics & voicing, with sound movement and glissando, infusing each note with the energy of your needs / dreams.

Energy

Playing

Play the piece with 3D motion, sound imagination, intonation & arm weight, and articulations, infusing each note and intonation with the energy of your dreams.

Day 5

Hands Together

When first applying phrasing in playing, allow for greater freedom—slightly faster tempo and clearer dynamic contrast. Once the energy and flow are established, gradually slow the tempo and shift your focus toward sound imagination, refining the dynamics.

Reconnecting

with the Day 4 Foundations

Play through the piece with your attention on the Day 4 tasks, gently reminding yourself of the layers you embedded into your imagination and muscle memory the previous day. This will help you maintain clarity as you add the new Day 5 layer.

Musical Speech

Playing

Play the piece with 3D motion, guided by sound imagination. Intonate each interval with arm weight, articulations, and musical speech.

Trust that sound imagination, hand motions, intonation & arm weight, and articulations are in your muscle memory.

It may feel complex and overwhelming to intonate musical speech in both hands at the same time. For this reason, focus on one hand only—typically the one carrying the more active melodic line.

Direct your attention to intonating musical speech within the melody, rather than trying to apply it equally to both hands.

Phrasing

Structure

Analyze the phrasing in the score by marking motifs, phrases, and sentences.

Listen to the piece with attention to your phrasing choices, using this to confirm and refine your interpretation.

Give yourself the freedom to refine your phrasing structure over the coming days.

Phrasing

Playing

Motifs

Play the piece by motifs, allowing a natural slowing as you approach the main interval in a motif. Sense musical speech in both hands within main intervals. A natural change in dynamics may also occur. After each motif, pause briefly without lifting your hands, allowing a full release of energy. Begin the next motif from a neutral, empty state.

Direct your attention to intonating musical speech within the melody, rather than trying to apply it equally to both hands.

Phrasing

Playing

Phrases

Play the piece by phrases. Play the main motif in the phrase with slightly more volume. After each phrase, pause briefly without lifting your hands, allowing a full release of energy. Begin the next phrase from a neutral, empty state.

When playing at the level of phrases, you may naturally find yourself moving at a slightly faster tempo, helping you perceive the unity of the motifs within the phrase.

Phrasing

Playing

Sentence

Play the piece by sentences. Play the main phrase in the sentence with slightly more volume. After each sentence, pause briefly without lifting your hands, allowing a full release of energy. Begin the next sentence from a neutral, empty state.

When playing by sentences, you may naturally find yourself moving at a slightly faster tempo, helping you perceive the unity of the phrases within the sentence.

Day 6

Hands Together

Reconnecting

with the Day 5 Foundations

Play through the piece with your attention on the Day 5 tasks, gently reminding yourself of the layers you embedded into your imagination and muscle memory the previous day. This will help you maintain clarity as you add the new Day 6 layer.

Musical Image

Playing

Play the piece focusing on the musical image (energy of your dream).

Play at a slow tempo.

Trust that musical speech and phrasing are already present in your muscle memory.

Musical Form

Structure

Choose sections in the piece ranging from half a page to two pages.

Identify how many sentences each section contains, and select a suitable form template.

Musical Image

Musical Form

Playing

Mentally play through the piece, sensing the musical image and form within each sentence. Focus less on individual notes and more on moving through the elements of form, sensing the energy behind them.

Play the piece, allowing the musical image and form to guide your intonation.

Play at a moderate tempo (around 2–3 notes per second). The focus is on sensing how the energy of the musical image and form is expressed through the intonation between the notes.

Let go of previous steps and shift your focus entirely to expressing musical phrasing and form through your body—using arm motions, dynamics, and flexible timing to convey every nuance and contrast.

Musical Image

Musical Form

Timing

Mental practice

Look at the time signature and tempo markings to identify the pulsation and tempo.

It may help to experience the timing physically rather than only imagining it mentally through breathing aligned with the inner pulse: exhale on the stronger beats and inhale on the lighter beats of the chosen timing.

Mentally play through the first two bars of each element of form in the piece, focusing on how these blocks are felt within musical image, form, and timing.

Be very clear in your inner sensations about the feeling of each form element and every tempo change.

Musical Image

Musical Form

Timing

Playing

Play the piece while focusing on musical image, form, and timing.

Begin with a slower timing, regardless of the original tempo in the score, knowing that the piece will gradually be brought to its intended tempo during the Learning Stage.

Day 7

Artistry — Step 1 · Freedom in Posture and Shoulders

Repeat each section 3–5 times without aiming for full memorization at this stage.

  • every sentence

  • every 2 sentences

  • every 4 sentences

  • every 8 sentences

  • the whole piece, or a larger section (3–5 pages)

Before Playing

Before playing, focus on: Dream (needs, form, timing) → Energy Field → Posture with relaxed shoulders.

Mentally play through the piece while gently shaking the shoulders.

While Playing

While playing, return to the question: “Where is my Dream to Rest?”

Shoulder and upper arm motions may look and feel exaggerated at this stage. This is completely normal.

Days 8–9

Artistry — Step 2 · Freedom in Arms

Repeat 3–5 times:

  • every sentence

  • every 2 sentences

  • every 4 sentences

  • every 8 sentences

  • the whole piece, or a larger section of the piece (3–5 pages)

Before Playing

Before playing, clarify the elbow motion pattern.

Then conduct following that pattern while focusing on Step 1 — dream, energy field, and posture — together with free elbow motion.

Mentally go through the conducting motions in the correct timing and flow.

While Playing

While playing, return to the question: “What is my Dream to Manifest?”

Repeat each section until it becomes memorized. Memorization becomes especially important at this stage, since constantly returning to the score can interrupt the continuity of focus needed for Step 3.

Remain in a comfortable Timing 2 pace and without yet bringing the sections to their original fast tempo.

At this stage, the elbow motions may appear and feel exaggerated. This is completely normal, as in Step 3 these movements will gradually settle more deeply into the inner muscular sensations.

Days 10–11

Artistry — Step 3 · Listening to the Higher Mind

Play-throughs 20×

Mental practice

Mentally go through every element of form, change of timing, and energy field:

Step 1: “Where is my Dream to Rest?” Upload this forward toward the Higher Mind.

Return the attention to the energy of the Audience-self — “Listen” — as though listening with a thousand ears, remaining deeply attentive and curious about what the Higher Mind brings forward.

Before Playing the Piece

Choose an appropriate tempo. Take three mindful breaths aligned with the pulse of the timing — exhaling on the downbeats and inhaling on the upbeats. This breathing helps align the body and heartbeat with the chosen timing, establishing a stable and natural inner pulse before playing.

Then zoom into the opening block (B) and briefly move through the three stages: Step 1, Uploading, and Listening.

Playing

Repeat 10× with brief pauses between sections

Keep the focus on the word “Listen.”

When shifting between different elements of form, timing, or energy fields, allow brief pauses between the segments. Gradually reduce these pauses throughout the ten play-throughs.

Playing

Repeat 10× without brief pauses between sections

Play without pausing between shifts of form, timing, and energy field.

Day 12

Slow Pieces — Objective

Learning to choose the correct tempo consistently before beginning to play. Strengthening memorization.

Playthrough the piece 10 times

After each repetition, identify any challenging sections and work through them using the 3 steps of the Weeding method.

Step 1

Identify the memory slip

Identify which intervals became unclear or went blank while playing.

Focus on improving the musical speech within those intervals to strengthen memorization.

Step 2

Practice the error measure within a larger block

Add a sentence before and after the error measure.

Step 3

Play through the piece

When playing through the piece next time, keep in mind any corrected measures and pay attention to new challenging sections to practice afterward.

Days 12–14

Fast Pieces — Objective

Bringing the piece to its appropriate tempo.

Learning to choose the correct tempo consistently before beginning to play.

Strengthening memorization.

Practice the piece by sections

1 sentence — Tempo 2: ♩ = 60, Tempo 3: ♩ = 70, Tempo 4 or 5: ♩ = 80–90

2–3 sentences — Tempo 2, Tempo 3, Tempo 4 or 5

4–6 sentences — Tempo 2, Tempo 3, Tempo 4 or 5

The entire piece — Tempo 2, Tempo 3, Tempo 4 or 5

After each repetition, identify any challenging sections and work through them using the four steps of the Weeding method.

Progress to the next block only when the current one has been fully memorized and feels comfortable at the required tempo.

Step 1

Identify the problem

Analyze which intervals didn’t feel stable.

Focus on improving musical speech and speed and amplitude of the elbow motion.

Practice only at a slow tempo.

Step 2

Practice the error measure in 3 tempos

Only move to the next tempo when you feel comfortable.

Step 3

Practice the error measure within a larger block in 3 tempos

Add a sentence before and after the error measure.

Move to the next tempo only when feeling comfortable.

Step 4

Play through the piece

When playing through the piece next time, keep in mind any corrected measures and pay attention to new challenging sections to practice afterward.

Open Lessons

Watch Emma teach this chapter

A filmed open lesson from Emma’s studio, drawn from the original PianoWell program.

How to work on difficult fragments in a fast piece - open lesson

Open Lesson

How to work on difficult fragments in a fast piece - open lesson